North Korea Command Economy is Based on Agriculture and...

The economy in North Korea operates under the Central Bank of the Democratic People’s of and it remains as one of the world’s last centrally planned systems. North Korea has a command economy and it is based on agriculture and natural resources. The government permits private farmers markets to sell a range of goods, they also allowed some private farming on an experimental ground. Although, agriculture has a decreasing role in the nations economy there has been an increase in cultivated land projects, mechanization and the use of chemical fertilizers. Farmers are either paid or allowed to keep bees, fruit trees, chickens and gardens. Some farmers can sell leftover produce at regional markets that are held annually. Farmers make out†¦show more content†¦For the most parts the main importing partners are the same but with a different percentage rate: China 67.2%, South Korea 20% and the European Union 4.0%. The importing goods are coking coal, petroleum, machinery and equipment, textiles and grain. North Korea’s most recent Gross Domestic Product are as followed: Purchasing Power Parity $40 billion, real growth rate .08%, official exchange rate $28 billion, per capita $1,800.00, agriculture 23.3%, industry 42.9% and services 32.9%. International trade is highly restricted. North Korea faces many challenges affecting their economy. One of the many challenges is that the supply of coal, oil and electricity has declined and affected all regions of the economy. Since North Korea is run on the Juche Idea theory foreign trade is not encouraged, therefore they have had chronic shortages. Industrialized capital stock is beyond reconstruction because of the years of under investment. North Korea invests most of their money in military spending and that draws off means needed for civilian consumption and investments. Climate changes have exasperated food shortages caused by ongoing systemic problems. The following have also been exasperated by the weather change collective farming practices, insufficient fertilization and persistent shortages of tractors and fuel. Minimum wage does not exist in North Korea. This might soundShow MoreRelatedThe Voice3751 Words   |  16 Pagesproof of that, such as Denmark and Finland. Even though both countries are more socialistic than America, the workforce remains stronger. China In China the government manages and controls the economy. Many of the domestic companies are owned and run by the government. Recently, the Chinese economy has become more geared towards capitalism, but is still officially socialist. Life in China remains relatively less stressful and more relaxed than life in capitalist countries like America. 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Silk Road Free Essays

Alexia Deleers Mr. Dimeck AP World History 14 January 2013 The Age of the Trading World The technological advances and discoveries of spices in the Asian continent set the stage for the emergence of world commerce. Being fascinated by the new toys of the East, the West was determined to be a part of what would soon be a global trading market. We will write a custom essay sample on Silk Road or any similar topic only for you Order Now With new goods being discovered in specific places, those who did not have those goods were ever more eager to obtain them, and the only way this could be done was through trading routes. Thus surfaced many trading routes that would facilitate the trading of goods all over the world. Two significant trading routes that united the world were the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean Trade Network where each route had it’s positive as well as negative characteristics. The Silk Road Trade was a long network of interlinking trade routes that traveled from China to Western countries specifically European nations. This trading route provided tremendous economic benefits for China as silk was one of the main products that was traded over the road hence the name of the trade route. Although silk was a major trade, the Silk Road also filtered printing, gunpowder, the compass and more goods from the East into Europe. The Silk Road promoted cultural diffusion as many religions from the West were introduced to Chinese civilizations; from the seventh century AD, Arab Muslims traveled to China via the Silk Road to spread Islam. The road was a great contributor to the cultural, economical, and political exchange between the China and the West and increased trade among many civilizations which ultimately allowed them to expand their possibilities. The expansion of possibilities was also capable through the Indian Ocean Trade which was a sea route predominantly between East Africa and India that led through many Spice Islands. The Indian Ocean Trade was known as the world’s richest maritime trading network. During the early Indian Ocean Trade, trade was only made between East Africa and Arabs from Asia. Trade between these two areas was made easy by the monsoon winds that circulated between Asia and the Eastern coast as winds blew north to south and back to north in a circular manner. The winds would change direction with the seasons. Eastern Africa’s exports in the Indian Ocean Trade consisted of gold, ivory, and iron. These goods were sold at high prices given they were scarce in the Asian world. East African city states were willing to pay a large amount of money for their imports which were goods such as silk, cotton, and porcelain. The small city states that emerged on the coast of Africa traded inland with other great African Kingdoms. Both trading routes were superior to each other in different ways. The Silk Road, although a violent trading network, was a major contributor to the spread of religions and cultures all over the world. Being a land route, interactions between different peoples was inevitable. On the other hand, the Indian Ocean trade network was a safer one and one that was known as the route of knowledge and academics. This route was able to transport a larger amount of goods from place to place due to the help of large ships. Both routes led economies of trading countries to grow and become more knowledgeable about trading. The Silk Road Network and the Indian Ocean Trade network united the world and were routes that changed the world trading system and the dynamic of the world forever. How to cite Silk Road, Papers Silk Road Free Essays The Silk Road was a trade network the connected the East to the West on the Eurasian continent. This trade included both overland and maritime routes. The central Asian kingdoms and peoples became the nexus point for much of this trade which lasted from the 3rd century B. We will write a custom essay sample on Silk Road or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. E. to the 15th century C. E. Many products and other cultural expressions moved along the Silk Road and diffused among various kingdoms along it. In breaking down and separating the patterns of interaction that occurred along the Silk Road from 200 B. C. E. to 1450 C. E. one can conclude that changes and continuities in these interactions included products traded (changes in specific products and impact, continuity in luxury goods), cultural expressions and diffusion (changes in artistic expressions and societal impacts, continuity in diffusion), and religion (changes in the religions that traveled and impact, continuity in spread of religion along the trade route ). One of the patterns of interaction along the Silk Road was in the products that were traded. The Silk Road trade system was created by interactions between Han China in the 2nd century B. C. E. nd their western neighbors when an expedition for alliances to deal with a pesky neighbor turned into something else. The fi rst product traded for on the Silk Road were Ferghana horses that the Chinese leader of the expedition Zhang Qian brought back with him which stimulated a trade between the Han and Central Asia for these fine war horses . In return, Central Asian kingdoms began to see various Chinese goods such as silk but also jades, medicinal herb, bronze and other luxury goods. This trade continued throughout the first four centuries of the timeframe with more groups getting involved in the lucrative trade. Indian spices and cotton, European gold and silver, and Central Asian horses and camels all started being acquired by each other . With the fall of both the Han and Roman empires by the 476 CE, the trade declined due to less demand and merchant’s fear of trading on less protected routes . The rise of the Tang Empire in the 7th century C. E. , along with a stabilized Byzantine empire in the West, led to a renewed vigor as well as the Abbasid caliphate in the Middle East led to stabilized trade routes again . From the East, paper and porcelain begin to appear. The stirrup appears out of the Middle East and influences both Europe and China. In Europe it creates the medieval feudal knights because they can now stay seated and weld a long lance without fear of being unseated. A similar emphasis is put on heavy cavalry in China for the same reasons as Europe . Europe continues to export gold and silver from the West because it was what was valued heavily by eastern merchants as a medium of exchange (pretty much accepted everywhere ). By the 10th century C. E. China was in decline again under the Song dynasty and lost control over much of the central and northwestern parts of the trade route. They began to emphasize more the of the southern maritime routes and thus because of this invent the maritime compass that will make its way across to the West and later lead to an age of discovery with Portugal at the end of this timeframe circa 1450 C. E. beginning to search out another maritime route d irectly to Asia by exploring the African coast using Chinese inspired compasses and Islamic maps of the Indian Ocean . With arrival of the Mongol conquests in the 1200s C. E. , once again the Silk Road has a sponsor to protect the merchants and trade thrives between East Asia, the Islamic Middle East and Europe . Silk, porcelain, and paper continue to come from the East along with gunpowder. Gunpowder now shows up on the Silk Road because of the Mongols taking it from China and using it in a more direct fashion in its conquests . Cannon now appear at the end of the timeframe being used by the Ottoman’s in their conquest of Constantinople in 1453 and by the Portuguese on their caravel ships . Central and South Asian products still include spices and animals but now cotton also begins to appear within the trade out of India . Because the Mongols controlled so much territory from China to Russia and the Middle East (they conquered Baghdad and overthrew the Abbasid caliphate), the Silk Road prospered like no other time and products flowed freely from East to West . A continuity throughout the timeframe was the fact that luxury goods usually drove the trade. Because products had to travel such great distances and thus there were so many middle men, only the very wealthy could partake of the trade . That is why gold and silver were preferred exchange mediums for the trade of silk and other fine eastern products . Another pattern of interaction was cultural expression and diffusion . In the early part of the timeframe (200 B. C. E. -1450 CE), there was very little cultural influence occurring . This is because intermediaries carried on the trade between the Han and Roman empires and the two imperial powers really had no contact directly with each other . During the Tang dynasty in the middle of the timeframe, this actually changes. Persian dance and the game of polo are introduced in China as well as musical and clothing styles which become popular . Chinese paper influenced the Islamic and European medieval periods with written works now becoming more the norm in saving and transmitting cultural knowledge such as written bibles, histories, math and other intellectual discoveries . At the end of the timeframe during the 13th through 15th centuries the Mongols were instrumental in the dissemination of knowledge throughout the Middle East territory they controlled. Islamic scholars in all fields have their works spread from Europe to China . In Europe, a Renaissance emerges due to reconnection to Silk Road trade because of the Crusades which began in the 10th century and continued into the 13th century. Crusaders reconnected with Eastern luxury goods such as spices and cloth but were also culturally influenced when they saw large vibrant, urban cities . It changed their outlook on life in general. Some ancient works such as the Greeks were re-introduced due to reconnection with the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid caliphate . Also eastern works were transmitted along the Silk Road thus inspiring Muslim and European scholars. The works of Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo become hits in Europe and the Muslim world because they opened the eyes of the people to the broader world that existed. Marco Polo actually traveled under protection of the Mongol Khan while Battuta traveled in the Muslim realm due to his being more comfortable in Arabic speaking kingdoms that practiced his form of religion . The station of merchants also changed by the end of the period in China because of the Mongols. During the Han period and other dynasties, Confucian principles kept merchants at the bottom the social hierarchy. Because the Mongols valued the profits they could generate, merchants under the Yuan period held much higher stations in life . A continuity in this period was the constant cultural diffusion that took place as intermediaries engaged one another and kingdoms became acquainted with each other. Lifestyles changed and peoples were introduced to new knowledge throughout the period. Religion, art, and knowledge were continually diffused throughout the history of the Silk Road . The last pattern of interactions that was evident on the Silk Road was that of religion . Trade was a great disseminator of culture along the routes of trade and religion was one of those cultural traits that spread throughout the period. Three major religions spread along the Silk Road- Christianity, Buddhism and Islam . Buddhism appeared early on the Silk Road in roughly the first century B. C. E. It was forced out of India due to its rejection by the Hindu majority but found homes in places like Tibet, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia . Many steppe peoples adopted it because it fit into their animistic religions of a universal spirit. Lower class people and women adopted it due to its equalitarian nature and its promise of an afterlife . It spread throughout the timeframe appearing in China and Japan during the Tang dynasty and being reinforced in places like Tibet and Mongolia when the Mongols adopted it . Christianity also spread along the trade routes in Western Asia but was blocked from spreading any farther eastward than the Byzantine Empire due to the rise of Islam in the middle of the period during the 7th and 8th centuries . Because of the adoption of Islam by the Il-Khan khanate, Islam would make its way into southern China by the end of the period in the 14th and 15th centuries . Christianity and Buddhism were spread by missionaries while Islam was primarily spread by merchants and by the sword. Buddhism as stated earlier continually spread throughout the period and found refuge primarily in Central, East, and Southeast Asia . It did not spread westward due to Islam and Christianity having hold on western Asia and Europe . In conclusion, there were several patterns of interaction on the Silk Road due to the many different cultures that interacted on it. It influenced cultural expressions, spread of religion, and as well as products and ideas that changed many cultures such as the stirrup and gunpowder to name a couple. These interactions were not all positive however in that one of the byproducts of this trade led to the spread of bubonic plague from China to Europe. The Black Death as it was called in Europe is one of the reasons that Silk Road trade diminished as well as the isolationist policies of the Ming emperors who abhorred all things â€Å"foreign† and the collapse of the Mongol empire due to internal fragmentation. Trade systems such as the trans-Saharan trade and the Indian Ocean maritime system had many of the same cultural impacts as the Silk Road and in total created early global networks of trade . How to cite Silk Road, Papers

Process of Globalization and Colonialism-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the relationship between the Process of Globalization and Colonialism. Answer: Introduction The report analyzes the historical incidents related to globalization and colonialism. The function of the report is to relate the similarities of both the ideologies. The examples of nations and the multinational corporations are the best example to justify both the concepts. The report basically concentrates on the relationship of globalization and colonialism. The report also focuses on the ways to find the economic and the social connections between the globalization and colonialism in respect of the behavior of the suppressor and the oppressor. The report consists of the expansion and discrimination in different countries due to colonialism and globalization. The example of Africa and globalization and the example of India and globalization has been taken into account as a global media report. Terms of reference The global media report has been taken as a reference for this project. This has been taken as a reference as it made easy to access the existence of the concept of global media and colonial powers. Global media report has made it possible for the readers to get the information available. The authentic information about the region was not easily found regarding the globalization. This is a concept that has emerged from the historical times. Therefore, it is only the printed media like the newspaper and TV channels that the information and the historical background regarding the process of colonialism and the concept of globalization as the outcome of colonialism was possible. It was not possible for every human and explores the dense parts of Africa or explores the histories of India. It became possible only through media that has a global and a universal appeal. This is primary reason of using the global media as powerful resources in this essay. Globalization The process of globalization is a form of colonialism that acts as an obstruction in the development of the third world countries. It was during the early sixteenth and the seventeenth century that the powerful countries invented the initial framework of colonialism. This is otherwise known as the free trade. The oppressed countries were pressurized to purchase goods that were brought by the colonists. In exchange of that they surrendered their own produces which led to high revenues for the colonists and this finally led to the exploitation of their colonies. In today`s world the globalization is demoralized and the critized for preventing the development in local areas and under developed countries (Payne and Askeland 2016). The example of Monsanto is the best way to analyze the impact of the colonialism on the process of Globalization. Globalization and colonialism always had a close relation with each other. The colonial powers affected the globalization (Urbina, Vela and Sanchez 2014). The Monsanto Company has always remained as a controversial multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation. This is known as the world`s leading producer of the herbicide glyphosate. It has always remained the leading producer of the genetically engineered seeds. The company provides the technology in more than ninety percent of the world`s genetically engineered seeds. The company aims at extending their business in the entire world. The company intends to do their business globally (Stein and Andreotti 2016). Due to the colonialism they were unable to justify certain ethical rights. Apart from this the company named Wal-Mart which is one of the most unethical global business that has violated the human rights du ring the formulation of the strategy of giving jobs to the employees and during making fake promises to the customers regarding price and the manufacturing process of the goods. The company has violated a large area of exploitation of the labor and the human rights. The ruling colonial power of a specific area hampers the global business in that region. This is the way the colonialism had a huge impact on the globalization of a region (Redner 2017). This is the process through which the integration of the regional economies, societies and the cultures occur. It happens through a global network of trade, communication and transportation. The concept of Globalization is related to the factors like technology, the social factors and the economic factors. The idea of globalization also refers to the circulation of the ideas, languages and sometimes even the cultures. The diffusion of the culture is a global concept that occurs. The global economy is the most important dimension of globalization. It intends towards the creation of the borderless world (Mentan 2015). Colonialism The colonialism refers to the historical phenomenon where the people in order to expand goes on to conquer people from some other territory. The colonialism has executed an unequal relationship between the homeland and the colony. The colonialism is a phenomenon which can be defined as the expansion of the territories (Loomba 2015). The expansion refers to the expansion of the administrative powers and the governmental powers. There are various examples of the same. From the pre-historical period there had been various instances of colonialism (Lane 2013). The exploration of the British people, the exploration of Christopher Columbus and Vespucci is an evidence of the expansion of the colonies. The expansion of the colonies included the expansion of the military control of that region. In relation to the colonialism there is another concept that has emerged is the concept of neo-colonialism. This includes the imperialism and the final stage of colonialism. In today`s world it is rare that the countries experience a colonial rule. After World War 2 the countries was able to attain their independence and they were free from the colonial rule. It occurred globally. The state that is subject to the colonial rule is only in theory and not in reality. This is called the neo-colonial concept. In reality the economic system and the political policy of the same is regulated from outside source (Black 2015). Relation between colonialism and globalization The globalization and colonialism have certain similar ideology. There are certain similar aspects that both the concepts share. The similarity majorly consists of the fact of the way the rich countries are trying to expand their powers and it further consists of the powers to exploit other state (Black 2015). This is done in order to get benefits in both the cases. To some extent it has been found that globalization has been using the process of structuralism in order to reach to colonialism. The globalization has undoubtedly brought a huge advantage to all of us. In spite of this the negative aspects of globalization resembles the aspects of colonialism. It was well observed between sixteenth and twentieth century. The policy of Great Britain during the colonialism was the attainment of the free trade. This was one of the most effective processes of attaining the goal. The colonists tried to globalize the world through the process of unipolarity. The maximum amount of evidences of this phenomenon is observed in the African and the Asian countries. The countries of Asia and Africa witnessed the dictatorships and were indirectly dictated by the foreign rule and by the western multinationals. The cheap labor and the resources of the poor countries were exploited by the colonial rulers. It was done in order to acquire wealth through the low production cost (Beck 2015). Africa and globalization The contact of Africa with the outside had been with the outside world after the advent of the explorers. For many years Africa remained detached from the outside world. It was because of the environmental and the geographical reason that Africa remained detached with the outside world. The colonial rule increased the scope of business in the market. It increased the demand of the raw materials. After the growth of the industrialization and the spread of the same in Africa it made it a global market (Baylis, Owens and Smith 2017). The best example is the cotton textile industry. This industry was completely dependent on the import of the products. The globalization increased the demand of the raw materials worldwide. The economy of Africa increased due to this. These are the consequences of colonialism that heavily had an impact of globalization. It was because of Colonialism that the globalization occurred. It further had an impact on need for the markets; it affected the commerce, Christianity and the civilization. In today`s world Africa is one of the leading exporter of minerals, raw materials. The exploration that occurred due to the colonialism took forward the globalization process. Today the entire world is dependent on Africa for the minerals as it is rich in minerals (Atkinson and Bridge 2013). India and globalization Colonialism always had a great impact on the Globalization. The colonialism occurred in many countries because of which the countries got the forum to do business globally. The advent of the Britishers in India made India a global exporter of Cotton and Spices. It gave rise to the demand for the cotton textile industry. Globalization have the influence in almost all the fields in today`s world. It is having the influence in sports, in economics, in technology, in the blending of the cultures and the even in the fields of charity (Arnold 2015). Even the travel and tourism is has a global impact. It allows the exchange of money, cultures and knowledge about things. It is because of globalization that the business of one country is popular in other country. The Olympics, the FIFA world cup, the organizations such as Red Cross are all outcomes of Globalization. The examples of Globalization in today`s world includes the spread of the cultures of one country across the world. It includes the spread of Greek culture across Africa, Europe and Asia. It was during the reign of Alexander the Great. The use of Silk Road between China and the Mediterranean Sea is the example of globalization. It increased the exchange of not only goods but also the exchange of cultures and knowledge. This development occurred because of the colonialism (AlSayyad 2013). Conclusion Globalization and Colonialism have always remained interlinked. The colonialism had a great impact on the globalization in all regions. The globalization has become an universal phenomenon in today`s world. Starting from education to music to all forms of living the globalization had a huge role to play. The colonial rule had some negative aspects but in spite of that it had a lot of positive aspect as well. The colonial rule helped in the process of globalization. The globalization has become a necessary process in all over the world now. References AlSayyad, N., 2013. Identity, culture and urbanism: remarks from colonialism to globalization.The Territories of Identity: Architecture in the Age of Globalisation. London: Routledge, pp.135-44. Arnold, D., 2015. Globalization and Contingent Colonialism: Towards a transnational history of" British" India.Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History,16(2). Atkinson, R. and Bridge, G., 2013. Globalization and the New Urban Colonialism.The Gentrification Debates: A Reader, pp.51-70. Baylis, J., Owens, P. and Smith, S. eds., 2017.The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Beck, U., 2015.What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Black, J., 2015. Book Review: Harry Redner: Beyond Civilization: Society, Culture, and the Individual in the Age of Globalization and Harry Redner: Totalitarianism, Globalization, Colonialism: The Destruction of Civilization since 1914. Black, J., 2015. Totalitarianism, Globalization, Colonialism: The Destruction of Civilization since 1914. Lane, R.J., 2013. Global literary theory: An anthology. Loomba, A., 2015.Colonialism/postcolonialism. Routledge. Mentan, T., 2015.Unmasking social science imperialism: Globalization theory as a phase of academic colonialism. Langaa RPCIG. Payne, M. and Askeland, G.A., 2016.Globalization and international social work: Postmodern change and challenge. Routledge. Redner, H., 2017.Totalitarianism, Globalization, Colonialism: The Destruction of Civilization Since 1914. Routledge. Stein, S. and de Andreotti, V.O., 2016. Cash, competition, or charity: international students and the global imaginary.Higher Education,72(2), pp.225-239. Urbina, M.G., Vela, J.E. and Sanchez, J.O., 2014.Ethnic realities of Mexican Americans: